This study argues that urbanization changed the relationship between the occupation of candidates running in parliamentary elections and their electoral success. To identify local-level variation in urbanization, we leverage exogenous changes to the …
In 1925, of the 22 countries that could be classified as democracies, only four —France, Belgium, Portugal and Switzerland— had yet to extend suffrage to women. France is an intriguing exception: as a co-belligerent in WWI, the country experienced …
Noisy signaling model that highlights how uncertainty about the type of potential autocratic successors might paradoxically provide incentives for elite investment.
Noisy signaling model that highlights how uncertainty about the type of potential autocratic successors might induce economic elites to support a democratic transition.
The pervasiveness of gender distinctions in grammar is strongly correlated with the adoption of political gender quotas.
Women speaking languages that more pervasively mark gender distinctions are less likely to participate in economic and political life, and more likely to encounter barriers in their access to land and credit.